The referral noted that the widespread and systematic attacks against the civilian population may amount to crimes against humanity, and expressed concern at the plight of refugees forced to flee the violence and at the reports of shortages of medical supplies to treat the wounded. It underlined “the need to respect the freedoms of peaceful assembly and of expression, including freedom of the media” and stressed “the need to hold to account those responsible for attacks, including by forces under their control, on civilians”.
Abdelbari Ayyad Ramadan Al Shaqaqi
Mr Abdelbari Ayyad Ramadan Al Shaqaqi (‘Al Shaqaqi’), Libyan national, born on 5 August 1983.
Arrest warrant issued on 18 July 2023. Unsealed on 4 October 2024.
Allegedly responsible for the war crimes of murder, outrages upon personal dignity, cruel treatment and torture. The crimes were allegedly committed in relation to events in the city of Tarhunah, namely during the operation “Flood of Dignity”. The Al Shaqaqiat tribe, also known as the Kani family, emerged as an influential local power in Tarhunah who controlled the police and local armed forces until around 5 June 2020 when the Kaniayt (a group of seven Al Kani brothers) lost its control over Tarhunah after having taking a role in the fights between the Tripoli based forces of the Government of National Accord and the then Libyan National Army based in Benghazi to which the Kaniyat were affiliated and integrated for a certain period of time.
Fathi Faraj Mohamed Salim Al Zinkal
Mr Fathi Faraj Mohamed Salim Al Zinkal (‘Al Zinkal’), Libyan national born in 1977.
Arrest warrant issued on 18 July 2023. Unsealed on 4 October 2024
Allegedly responsible for the war crimes of murder, outrages upon personal dignity, cruel treatment, torture, sexual violence and rape. The crimes were allegedly committed in relation to events in the city of Tarhunah, namely during the operation “Flood of Dignity”. The Al Shaqaqiat tribe, also known as the Kani family, emerged as an influential local power in Tarhunah who controlled the police and local armed forces until around 5 June 2020 when the Kaniayt (a group of seven Al Kani brothers) lost its control over Tarhunah after having taking a role in the fights between the Tripoli based forces of the Government of National Accord and the then Libyan National Army based in Benghazi to which the Kaniyat were affiliated and integrated for a certain period of time.
Nasser Muhammad Muftah Daou (‘Al Lahsa’)
Mr Nasser Muhammad Muftah Daou (‘Al Lahsa’), Libyan national born on 4 April 1973 in Tarhunah, Libya
Arrest warrant issued on 6 April 2023. Unsealed on 4 October 2024.
Allegedly responsible for the war crimes of murder, outrages upon personal dignity, cruel treatment and torture. The crimes were allegedly committed in relation to events in the city of Tarhunah, namely during the operation “Flood of Dignity”. The Al Shaqaqiat tribe, also known as the Kani family, emerged as an influential local power in Tarhunah who controlled the police and local armed forces until around 5 June 2020 when the Kaniayt (a group of seven Al Kani brothers) lost its control over Tarhunah after having taking a role in the fights between the Tripoli based forces of the Government of National Accord and the then Libyan National Army based in Benghazi to which the Kaniyat were affiliated and integrated for a certain period of time.
Makhlouf Makhlouf Arhoumah Doumah (‘Douma’)
Mr Makhlouf Makhlouf Arhoumah Doumah (‘Douma’), Libyan national, born on 15 February 1988 in Tarhunah, Libya
Arrest warrant issued on 6 April 2023. Unsealed on 4 October 2024.
Allegedly responsible for the war crimes of murder, outrages upon personal dignity, cruel treatment and torture. The crimes were allegedly committed in relation to events in the city of Tarhunah, namely during the operation “Flood of Dignity”. The Al Shaqaqiat tribe, also known as the Kani family, emerged as an influential local power in Tarhunah who controlled the police and local armed forces until around 5 June 2020 when the Kaniayt (a group of seven Al Kani brothers) lost its control over Tarhunah after having taking a role in the fights between the Tripoli based forces of the Government of National Accord and the then Libyan National Army based in Benghazi to which the Kaniyat were affiliated and integrated for a certain period of time.
Abdurahem Khalefa Abdurahem Elshgagi (‘Al Khani’)
Mr Abdurahem Khalefa Abdurahem Elshgagi (‘Al Khani’), Libyan national, born on 22 February in Tarhunah, Libya
Arrest warrant issued on 6 April 2023. Unsealed on 4 October 2024.
Allegedly responsible for the war crimes of murder, outrages upon personal dignity, cruel treatment and torture. The crimes were allegedly committed in relation to events in the city of Tarhunah, namely during the operation “Flood of Dignity”. The Al Shaqaqiat tribe, also known as the Kani family, emerged as an influential local power in Tarhunah who controlled the police and local armed forces until around 5 June 2020 when the Kaniayt (a group of seven Al Kani brothers) lost its control over Tarhunah after having taking a role in the fights between the Tripoli based forces of the Government of National Accord and the then Libyan National Army based in Benghazi to which the Kaniyat were affiliated and integrated for a certain period of time.
Mohamed Mohamed Al Salheen Salmi (‘Salheen’)
Mr Mohamed Mohamed Al Salheen Salmi (‘Salheen’): Arrest warrant issued on 6 April 2023. Unsealed on 4 October 2024
Allegedly responsible for the war crimes of murder, outrages upon personal dignity, cruel treatment, torture, sexual violence and rape. The crimes were allegedly committed in relation to events in the city of Tarhunah, namely during the operation “Flood of Dignity”. The Al Shaqaqiat tribe, also known as the Kani family, emerged as an influential local power in Tarhunah who controlled the police and local armed forces until around 5 June 2020 when the Kaniayt (a group of seven Al Kani brothers) lost its control over Tarhunah after having taking a role in the fights between the Tripoli based forces of the Government of National Accord and the then Libyan National Army based in Benghazi to which the Kaniyat were affiliated and integrated for a certain period of time.
Osama Elmasry Njeem
Mr Osama Elmasry Njeem, also known as Osama Almasri Njeem. Alleged to have been in charge of prison facilities in Tripoli, where thousands of persons were detained for prolonged periods.
Allegedly responsible for the war crimes of outrages upon personal dignity (article 8(2)(c)(ii) of the Statute); cruel treatment (article 8(2)(c)(i)); torture (article 8(2)(c)(i)); rape and sexual violence (article 8(2)(e)(vi)); and murder (article 8(2)(c)(i)), committed in Mitiga Prison from 15 February 2015 onwards; as well as for the crimes against humanity of imprisonment (article 7(1)(e)); torture (article 7(1)(f)); rape and sexual violence (article 7(1)(g)); murder (article 7(1)(a); and persecution (article 7(1)(h)), committed in Mitiga Prison from 15 February 2015 onwards.
Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri
Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri (‘El Hishri’). Alleged to have been one of the most senior officials of the Mitiga Prison in Libya, where thousands of persons were detained for prolonged periods.
Arrest warrant issued on 10 July 2025.
Allegedly responsible for crimes against humanity and war crimes, including murder, torture, rape and sexual violence, committed in Libya from February 2015 to early 2020.
Saif Suleiman Sneidel
Mr Saif Suleiman Sneidel, also known as Saif Rabee Al-Agouri or Saif Rabee Al-Jazwi, Libyan national.
Arrest warrant issued on 10 November 2020. Unsealed on 8 August 2025.
Mr Sneidel is believed to be a member of ‘Group 50’, a sub-group of the Al-Saiqa Brigade commanded by Mahmoud Mustafa Busayf Al-Werfalli, referred to as early as May 2017 as a ‘field commander’ and as early as February 2018 as an officer with the rank of first lieutenant. Allegedly responsible for war crimes of murder, torture and outrages upon personal dignity, allegedly committed in Benghazi or surrounding areas, in Libya, on or before 3 June 2016 until on or about 17 July 2017.
