Williams-Washington, K. N., & Mills, C. P. (2018). African American Historical Trauma: Creating an Inclusive Measure. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 46(4), 246-263. Abstract Research indicates that race-based discrimination is detrimental…
Williams, D. R., Mohammed, S. A., Leavell, J., & Collins, C. (2010). Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Complexities, Ongoing Challenges and Research Opportunities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186,…
Williams, D. R. (1994). The Concept of Race in Health Services Research: 1966 to 1990. Health services research, 29(3), 261. Abstract OBJECTIVE. This study examined ways in which race/ethnicity has been conceptualized…
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2016). Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health. Public health reports. Abstract Racial residential segregation is a fundamental cause of racial…
Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2000). Race/ethnicity and the 2000 Census: Recommendations for African American and other Black Populations in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 90(11), 1728.…
Williams, D. R. (1997). Race and Health: Basic Questions, Emerging Directions. Annals of Epidemiology, 7(5), 322-333. Abstract PURPOSE: This paper examines the scientific consensus on the conceptualization of race, identifies why health researchers…
Williams, D. R., & Harris-Reid, M. (1999). Race and mental health: Emerging patterns and promising approaches. In A. V. Horwitz & T. L. Scheid (Eds.), A handbook for the study of…
Williams, D. R., Priest, N., & Anderson, N. B. (2016). Understanding Associations Among Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: Patterns and Prospects. Health Psychology, 35(4), 407. Abstract Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) are…
Williams, D. R., Lavizzo-Mourey, R., & Warren, R. C. (1994). The Concept of Race and Health Status in America. Public health reports, 109(1), 26. Abstract Race is an unscientific, societally constructed taxonomy…
Whitbeck, L. B., Adams, G. W., Hoyt, D. R., & Chen, X. (2004). Conceptualizing and Measuring Historical Trauma among American Indian People. American journal of community psychology, 33(3-4), 119-130. Abstract This article…