Williams-Washington, K. N., & Mills, C. P. (2018). African American Historical Trauma: Creating an Inclusive Measure. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 46(4), 246-263.

Abstract

Research indicates that race-based discrimination is detrimental to the mental and physical health of African Americans. The authors sought preliminary evidence of internal consistency and factorial validity of an African American Historical Trauma questionnaire administered to 400 participants. Reliability and exploratory factor analyses resulted in 30 items with Cronbach’s α = .91. Correlations between factors ranged from .32 to .52. These findings provide a step toward an empirical understanding of African American historical trauma.