Cross Jr, W. E., Parham, T. A., & Helms, J. E. (1991). The stages of Black identity development: Nigrescence models.

Abstract

Summarizes the early work and thinking on the topic [of Black identity development] and introduces recent theoretical advances and empirical studies, the most significant of which are an extension of the Nigrescence model [a model of the development of an African American identity] from late adolescence to late adulthood, and consideration of the identity stages as world views (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)