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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15624"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15624&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Karren Knowlton</text>
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              <text>Employees from marginalized groups frequently face low performance expectations based on group membership. Although past research shows several different reactions to these types of expectations, such as stereotype threat and stereotype reactance, scholars still know little about when and why low expectations spur individuals to not only try to prove themselves, but to seek to change expectations and opportunities for others like them. Addressing this discrepancy, I introduce trailblazing motivation, which captures the desire to set new precedents that open doors for others. I integrate self-determination theory and regulatory focus theory to identify group-based low expectations, moderated by a sense of belonging with one’s broad marginalized group, and core self-evaluations as key antecedents of trailblazing motivation. I hypothesize that trailblazing motivation will lead to not only greater persistence in one’s work—as with stereotype reactance—but also potentially riskier behaviors aimed at changing expectations for one’s broad group on a larger scale, including advocacy for other marginalized group members and diversity, equity, and inclusion-related issue selling. I test and find support for these hypotheses across a time-lagged survey study and a preregistered experiment. I also establish discriminant validity for trailblazing motivation from other responses to group-based low performance expectations. This research advances our understanding of the behavior of marginalized individuals at work by helping to explain (1) when and why people facing group-based low expectations go beyond seeking to prove their own abilities and also strive to effect change for their marginalized group as a whole and (2) how a closer connection to one’s marginalized group can drive people to increase opportunities for that broad group.</text>
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                <text>Trailblazing Motivation and Marginalized Group Members: Changing Expectations to Pave the Way for Others</text>
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              <text>Throughout history, massive killings have gravely affected the succession of cultures, and theimpact of its traumatization is vast. The centuries-long enslavement of African Americans, the ethnocide of Native American/Alaskan Natives, and the genocide of European Jews represent some of the most horrific catastrophes of human history through the destruction of identity, culture, language, and religion. The destabilization of these distinct groups and the extreme violence experienced by historical injustices have resulted in cultural, mental, emotional, and physical obstructions with profound economic, psychological, and health impacts encompassing both the wounds inflicted by oppression and resilience. The literature review examined the three cultural groups and how historical and intergenerational trauma have incubated stressors and adverse social conditions for the descendants of Enslaved Peoples, Indigenous Peoples, and Holocaust Survivors as the sequelae of unhealed trauma related to enslavement, colonization, and genocide persist. The literature on slavery, colonialization, and the Holocaust was used to portray the effects of cultural genocide and intergenerational transmission of trauma across cultures. Through ten in-depth interviews, this phenomenological study examined one of the three cultural groups to centralize the study’s focus and explore intergenerational and historical trauma, the effects of colonialism and genocide, and the resilience of the descendants of Native American/Alaskan Natives in contemporary times by examining unconscious and unintentional indirect and direct ancestral transmission. This study integrated cultural voices, ancestral narratives, and theoretical frameworks by incorporating trauma theories, such as the post- traumatic slave syndrome theory and colonial trauma response, which provide a deeper understanding of the physical and psychological soul wounds and behaviors prevalent to descendants. Social justice theory, tribal critical race theory (TribalCrit), and transformative frameworks are utilized to interpret the consequences that have influenced the lives of these cultures throughout centuries and for generations. These theories seek to bring change and address social injustices while advocating for equity and universal human rights, which are critical when discussing the philosophical epistemologies of marginalized individuals and communities.</text>
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                <text>Trauma Across Culture: A Phenomenological Study Exploring the Historical Effect of Colonialism, Genocide, and Resilience on Descendants of Indigenous Peoples in the United States</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://ezproxy.nypl.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/trauma-informed-practice-ontario-university/docview/3003327399/se-2?accountid=35635"&gt;http://ezproxy.nypl.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/trauma-informed-practice-ontario-university/docview/3003327399/se-2?accountid=35635&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Kate Victoria Hargreaves</text>
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              <text>Trauma is ubiquitous, including in post-secondary settings, meaning that trauma-affected individuals are present in every classroom or service setting. While research has investigated the engagement of post-secondary instructors with student trauma disclosures, this work has not extended to cover the unique role of post-secondary writing centre staff. Writing tutors are employed to assist students with their writing and research skills; however, they may encounter trauma narratives through written assignments or verbal disclosures. Writing consultants often labour under a degree of precarity and lack control over curricular and assignment design, giving them little preparation before encountering emotionally challenging material. As a ‘helping profession,’ they may be at risk of secondary trauma, re-traumatization based on personal trauma histories, or unsustainable levels of emotional labour. This project employs a critical disability lens and an equity-centred trauma-informed framework to examine the experiences of university-based writing centre staff in Ontario, Canada as they relate to student trauma. Semi-structured interviews were employed to explore how writing centre staff perceive and narrate their engagement with student trauma and how this may relate to trauma-informed pedagogical practices. Based on a Reflective Thematic Analysis, several themes are explored, including the relationship between writing centre structure/labour conditions and trauma-informed practice, types of emotionally challenging interactions, strategies tutors employ to engage with students during such sessions, and gaps in ability to provide trauma-informed service. These themes provide insight into tutors’ experience with student trauma and imply recommendations to improve staff and student well-being through engaging with trauma-informed practices in the writing centre.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106939"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106939&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Ryan Baldwin, Kerri Coomber, Debbie Scott, Yin Paradies, John Boffa, Peter G. Miller</text>
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              <text>Child Abuse &amp; Neglect</text>
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              <text>Objective&#13;
In 2017 the Northern Territory (NT) government re-introduced the Banned Drinker Register (BDR) to address the high rates of alcohol related harm. This paper aims to evaluate whether trends in assault, maltreatment and sentinel injuries in children and adolescents were associated with the re-introduction of the BDR, in the context of other local interventions such as police officers stationed in bottle shops being partially removed, Police Auxiliary Liquor Inspectors, and the introduction of a minimum unit price of alcohol.&#13;
Method&#13;
Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess monthly trends in emergency department presentations and inpatient hospital admissions for assault, maltreatment and sentinel injuries between January 2014 and December 2019 in the regions of Greater Darwin, Alice Springs, and Katherine.&#13;
Results&#13;
A significant step increase after the introduction of the BDR in emergency department presentations for assault and maltreatment was present when examining the three regions combined (β = 7.65, 95 % CI = 2.15, 13.16). However, this was not present at the individual community level. Results across a range of other models pointed towards null effects of the BDR introduction.&#13;
Conclusions&#13;
The current study found that the re-introduction of the BDR had minimal impact on rates of assault, maltreatment, or sentinel injuries in children and adolescents. To ensure long-term harm mitigation from alcohol use, a combination of evidence informed alcohol policies that address the price and availability of alcohol in a comprehensive framework, along with measures which address the underlying social determinants of unregulated drinking and health more broadly will assist in reducing alcohol related harm in both children and adults.</text>
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                <text>Trends in Child and Adolescent Assault and Maltreatment Following the Re-introduction of the Banned Drinker Register in the Northern Territory, Australia</text>
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                <text>Maltreatment of children</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101697"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101697&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Travis Salway, Jorge Andres Delgado-Ron, Ashleigh J. Rich, Christoffer Dharma, Laura Baamsf, Jessica Fish</text>
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              <text>Vol. 27</text>
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              <text>SSM - Population Health &#13;
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              <text>2024</text>
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              <text>Canada</text>
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              <text>Sexual minority populations experience a higher burden of mental health and substance use/misuse conditions&#13;
than heterosexual comparators—a health inequality that has predominantly been attributed to forms of minority&#13;
stress experienced by the former group. Sexual minority-affirming legislative and policy advances, as well as&#13;
improvements in social attitudes toward sexual minorities in recent decades, should presumably reduce experiences of minority stress, thereby attenuating these disparities. We conducted temporal trend analyses of annual&#13;
prevalence of anxiety, depression, poor self-rated mental health, and cigarette smoking, stratified by sexual&#13;
orientation and gender/sex subgroups using the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2003–2020. Descriptive&#13;
analyses were used to display temporal trends; joinpoint regression was used to identify significant changes in&#13;
prevalence data during 2003–2020; and prevalence ratios were estimated by year to detect any reduction in&#13;
disparities. The prevalence of self-rated mental health and mood and anxiety disorders increased, whereas the&#13;
prevalence of smoking decreased, between 2003 and 2020, among both sexual minority and heterosexual people&#13;
in Canada. We observed a significant inflection point in 2009 in the self-rated mental health trend among&#13;
bisexual women, where rates of poor mental health initially decreased from 2003 but then increased drastically&#13;
from 2009 to 2020. Significant inflection points in current smoking trends were observed in 2012 among bisexual&#13;
and heterosexual women and in 2013 among heterosexual men; in all three groups, both segments demonstrated&#13;
decreasing trends, however, the slope of the trend became more pronounced in the latter period. Consistent with&#13;
other North American studies, we found that relative differences between sexual minority and heterosexual&#13;
groups for all four outcomes remained the same or increased during this 18-year period. Findings highlight the&#13;
need to better understand mechanisms bolstering sexual orientation health disparities. </text>
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                <text>Trends in Mental Health and Smoking Disparities Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults in Canada, 2003-2020</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5513">
                <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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        <name>Adults</name>
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        <name>Bisexual</name>
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        <name>Canada</name>
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        <name>Mental Health</name>
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      <tag tagId="282">
        <name>Queer Identity</name>
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        <name>Queer People</name>
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        <name>Sexual Identity</name>
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        <name>Sexual Orientation</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://jn.nutrition.org/article/S0022-3166(24)00455-3/fulltext"&gt;https://jn.nutrition.org/article/S0022-3166(24)00455-3/fulltext&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Valerie K Sullivan, Eurídice Martínez-Steele, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, Casey M Rebholz</text>
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        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Volume</name>
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              <text>Vol. 154</text>
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        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Issue</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4901">
              <text>No. 12</text>
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              <text>American Society for Nutrition</text>
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              <text>The Journal of Nutrition</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4904">
              <text>2024</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4906">
              <text>United States</text>
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              <text>English</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4909">
              <text>Open Access </text>
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              <text>Background Interest in plant-based eating has increased alongside increased variety and availability of highly processed plant-based meat and dairy alternatives. The impact of the shifting commercial landscape and public interest in plant-based eating on dietary intake is unknown. Objectives To examine trends in the consumption and composition of plant-based diets in the United States adults. Methods Serial cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess trends in the proportion of United States adults aged ≥20 y consuming a plant-based diet (defined as ≥50% total protein from plants on a 24-h dietary recall) from 1999–2000 to 2017–March 2020 (n = 51,698). Trends in processing level (percentage energy intake from ultraprocessed foods) and diet quality [Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 scores] were assessed in the subset of adults consuming plant-based diets (n = 8327). Results The proportion of United States adults consuming plant-based diets increased from 14.4% (95% CI: 12.9%, 16.0%) to 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.5%, 19.1%; P = 0.005 for trend). In all survey cycles, ultraprocessed foods accounted for the majority of energy intake, and ultraprocessed food intake in plant-based diets did not significantly change over time [50.7% kcal (95% CI: 47.3%, 54.1%) in 1999–2000 compared with 52.7% kcal (95% CI: 49.7%, 55.6%) in 2017–March 2020; P for trend = 0.34]. The quality of plant-based diets, measured by HEI-2020 scores, improved from 52.1 (95% CI: 49.7, 54.6) to 55.8 (95% CI: 54.1, 57.5; P for trend &amp;lt;0.001). Conclusions Between 1999 and March 2020, the proportion of United States adults consuming a plant-based diet increased. Among people consuming plant-based diets, ultraprocessed foods contributed most to energy intake and there was no sustained change in intake over time. The mean diet quality was low but improved modestly.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4897">
                <text>Trends in Plant-Based Diets among United States Adults, 1999–March 2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Nutrition--Health aspects</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4911">
                <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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        <name>Adults</name>
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        <name>Plant-based</name>
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        <name>United States</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3470">
              <text>&lt;a href="https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/24/1.0445258/3"&gt;https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/24/1.0445258/3&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3473">
              <text>Sarah Panofsky</text>
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        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3474">
              <text>The University of British Columbia</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3475">
              <text>2024</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3478">
              <text>English</text>
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          <name>Access</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3479">
              <text>Open Access </text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3480">
              <text>This research renews and articulates distinctly Witsuwit’en approaches to caring for vulnerable children and families, helping facilitate Witsuwit’en jurisdiction over child welfare. In collaboration with the Office of the Wet’suwet’en, this project was carried out with a research circle of hereditary chiefs, frontline workers, and social services leaders from the Witsuwit’en Nation. We followed from Indigenous methodologies and Indigenous Storywork and held sharing circles for data collection. Interpretation was collaborative and the themes are represented in the voices of the participants themselves. This research found that caring for vulnerable children and families in a Witsuwit’en way relies on ts’iyenï kwin ghineendïl (everyone coming back to the fire). This is a homecoming to yintah (land), wiggüs (respect), hereditary system, niwhkinic (our language), and social responsibility. Coming back to the fire rests upon Witsuwit’en laws and the wisdom of the ancestors who have come before. The challenges confronting the Witsuwit’en Nation stem from the intergenerational impacts of colonization that resulted in a disconnect from Witsuwit’en lands and people. Consequently, repair must lie in reconnection to Witsuwit’en ways of knowing, being, and doing. The work happening today towards mobilizing Witsuwit’en jurisdiction over child welfare is for future generations. This research has attempted to expand upon the nascent literature regarding how Indigenous communities are approaching intergenerational trauma through cultural models of health and healing, as well as meeting the need for decolonizing and Indigenous methodologies that target community needs and strengths. This study provides a local analysis of a cultural approach to Indigenous healing and may offer themes and learning that can be transferable to other Indigenous communities in Canada and beyond.</text>
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          <name>Region</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="5655">
              <text>British Columbia</text>
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                <text>Ts’iyenï Kwin Ghineendïl (Everyone Came Back To The Fire)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Indigenous peoples</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3481">
                <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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        <name>Colonization</name>
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      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>Indigenous peoples</name>
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      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Intergenerational Trauma</name>
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        <element elementId="77">
          <name>View Source</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3774">
              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.024"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.024&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Journal article</text>
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        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Author(s)</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3777">
              <text>Mengxi Du, Lu Wang, Nerea Martín-Calvo, Klodian Dhana, Neha Khandpur, Sinara Laurini Rossato, Euridice Martinez Steele, Teresa T. Fung</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Volume</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3778">
              <text>Vol. 120</text>
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        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Issue</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3779">
              <text>No. 4</text>
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        <element elementId="57">
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            <elementText elementTextId="3780">
              <text>The American journal of clinical nutrition</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Publication Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3781">
              <text>2024</text>
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          <name>Region</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3783">
              <text>United States</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Language</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3785">
              <text>English</text>
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        <element elementId="71">
          <name>Access</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3786">
              <text>Open Access </text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3787">
              <text>Background Suboptimal diets may promote undesired weight gain in youths, with high ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake becoming a significant concern in the United States. Objectives We evaluated the association between UPF intake and body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] change in large United States youth cohorts. Methods Participants included children and adolescents (7–17 y) from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS1 and GUTS2) who completed baseline and ≥1 follow-up diet and anthropometrics assessment (GUTS1 1996–2001: N = 15,797; GUTS2 2004–2011: N = 9720). Follow-up years were based on diet assessment availability. UPFs were categorized using the Nova system, with intakes evaluated as the cumulative mean percent energy from UPFs and subgroups. BMI was assessed using self-reported body weight/height. Changes in BMI annually and over 2, 4–5, and 7 y in association with UPF intake were examined using multivariable repeated-measure linear mixed models. Results At baseline, the mean percentage of energy from UPFs was 49.9% in GUTS1 and 49.5% in GUTS2 participants; mean BMI was 18.7 and 19.8, respectively. After multivariable adjustments for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, each 10% increment in UPF intake was associated with a 0.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.003, 0.03) increase annually and a 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) increase over 5 y in GUTS1 participants. In GUTS2, increases were 0.02 (0.003, 0.04) annually and 0.09 (0.01, 0.18) over 4 y. Among GUTS1, statistically significant annual BMI increases of 0.02–0.07 were associated with elevated intake of ultraprocessed breakfast cereals, savory snacks, and ready-to-eat/heat foods, especially pizza, burgers, and sandwiches. No association was found between UPF intake and overweight/obesity risk. Conclusions A higher UPF intake was associated with a modest yet significant increase in BMI in large prospective cohorts of United States youths, calling for public health efforts to promote healthful food intake among youths to prevent excessive weight gain.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3775">
                <text>Ultraprocessed food intake and body mass index change among youths: a prospective cohort study</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3782">
                <text>Nutrition--Health aspects</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3788">
                <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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      <tag tagId="63">
        <name>Child Nutrition</name>
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      <tag tagId="101">
        <name>Nutrition</name>
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      <tag tagId="102">
        <name>Obesity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="103">
        <name>Public Health</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2024.07.018"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2024.07.018&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Kate Hunter, Courtney Ryder, Julieann Coombes, Kathleen Clapham, Tamara Mackean, Andrew J.A. Holland, &#13;
Sarah Fraser, Hayley Williams, Bronwyn Griffin, Holger Möller, Rebecca Q. Ivers</text>
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              <text>Background&#13;
Despite known inequalities, little is understood about the burden and healthcare experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who sustain a burn injury and their families.&#13;
Methods&#13;
The Coolamon Study recruited parents and carers whose children (aged &lt;16 years) were Aboriginal and / or Torres Strait Islander children and had presented to burn units across four Australian states, New South Wales (Sydney), Northern Territory (Darwin), Queensland (Brisbane, Townsville) and South Australia (Adelaide), between 2015 and 2018. Consent was obtained and carers completed baseline and subsequent interviews at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Data were collected on the injury event, patient care and safety, sociodemographic factors, health related quality of life (PedsQual), and psychological distress (Kessler K-5).&#13;
Results&#13;
Of the 208 participants, 64 % were male; 26 % were aged less than 2 years and 37 % aged 2–4 years. The most common burn mechanisms were scalds (37 %), contact (33 %) and flame burns (21 %), with more severe burns and flame burns occurring in rural and remote settings. Most carers rated their child’s care as either excellent or very good (82 %). Family distress, measured by the K-5, lessened over the 24 months, however the changes were not statistically significant. While 77 % of carers reported that they received enough information, 18 % reported they would have liked more, and 3 % reported no information was provided before treatment. Parents described mixed access to information about the types of support available to them, such as accommodation, meals, travel or cultural support.&#13;
Conclusion&#13;
Data from this cohort provide rich new information about risk factors and care received from point of injury through to rehabilitation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with burns, providing unique insights into what is needed for appropriate, culturally safe care.</text>
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              <text>Oppressive and discriminatory systems, laws, and policies impact people collectively over many generations, such as Indigenous Peoples in Canada. Reconciling such harms requires a collective effort from many within a society, meaning it is important to understand who is likely to be a source of support and why. Certain groups, such as women and racialized people, are especially likely to express solidarity, yet the underlying reasons for this may differ. In this dissertation, I examined how gender and ethnic/racial background relate to intergroup solidarity and the potential drivers of these relationships: inclusive victim consciousness and emotional responses to injustice. This project included three studies. First, to ensure that the measures I used were psychometrically robust, in Study 1, I developed multi-item scales that measured several emotional domains. In an online study, 280 university students learned about discrimination toward Indigenous Peoples in the child welfare system and then shared how they felt. Using factor analyses, I examined, identified, and retained items to develop scales that measure the domains of love, anger, sadness, feeling sorry, and hope. Further, configural invariance testing suggested the factor structure was similar between gender and ethnic/racial groups. Using these scales, in Study 2, I examined the relationships among gender, ethnicity/race, inclusive victim consciousness, emotions, and solidarity among 352 university students. In Study 3, I examined whether findings generalized in a diverse national sample of 612 adults from across Canada. Using t-tests, correlational analyses, and path analyses, the general pattern of results from Studies 2 and 3 suggest that (1) women express stronger emotions than men when they learn about injustice, and some feelings, such as empathy and feeling sorry, in turn, predict greater solidarity; (2) Racialized participants feel a greater sense of inclusive victim consciousness and in some circumstances, stronger emotions than White participants, which may, in turn, predict iii more solidarity; and (3) of all emotions, empathy is a particularly strong predictor of solidarity, whereas anger is not a significant predictor once other emotions are accounted for. I end with reflections on strengths and limitations, applying an Indigenous lens to quantitative research, and theoretical and applied considerations.</text>
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