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Sleep patterns may indicate dementia risk

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A recent study published in The Lancet’s eClinicalMedicine, along with previous research, suggests a potential link between frequent distressing dreams and nightmares with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The 2022 study, conducted by  Dr. Abidemi Otaiku from Imperial College London, evaluated over 600 middle-aged adults and 2,600 older adults over several years to examine the association between nightmares and cognitive health.

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The data indicated that middle-aged adults reporting weekly nightmares were four times more likely to experience cognitive decline, while older adults with frequent distressing dreams had a higher risk of all-cause dementia. However, the study had limitations, including a lack of diversity among participants and potential underestimation of associations among female participants.

Dr. Otaiku, in an article for The Conversation, proposed two theories based on the findings: frequent nightmares could be an early sign of dementia, especially in men, or nightmares themselves could be a cause of dementia. While the study did not definitively prove either theory, it does open up opportunities for earlier diagnoses and interventions.

To reduce the risk of dementia, experts recommend regular exercise, social engagement, and avoiding smoking. Dr. Zaldy Tan, director of Cedars-Sinai’s Memory and Healthy Aging Program, highlighted the importance of social interaction in maintaining brain health.

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For those experiencing frequent nightmares, seeking help from a healthcare provider is advised. While there are no specific tests for nightmare disorders,  doctors can explore potential underlying causes and recommend therapeutic treatments such as psychotherapy.

In the face of the growing global dementia crisis, staying informed about potential risk factors like nightmares and taking proactive steps to maintain brain health are crucial. With ongoing research shedding light on the connections between sleep disturbances and cognitive decline, it is essential to prioritize healthy habits and seek support when needed.