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Poorest Countries in the World 2024

The world’s poorest countries suffer from civil wars, ethnic and sectarian strife. COVID-19, soaring inflation and the war in Ukraine made their bad situations worse.

The world has enough wealth and resources to ensure that the entire human race enjoys a decent standard of living. Yet, people in countries like Burundi, South Sudan and the Central African Republic continue to live in desperate poverty.  For other likely contenders for the undesirable title of the world’s poorest country—Afghanistan, Syria and Eritrea—years of political instability and conflict make it impossible to even attempt an assessment due to the lack of reliable economic figures.

So how do we determine the poorest countries in the world? While GDP per capita is often considered the standard metric, compensating for differences in living costs and rates of inflation by using purchasing power parity (PPP) can better assess an individual’s buying power in any given country.

It is hard to pinpoint a single cause for long-term poverty. Corrupt governments can make a very rich nation into a poor one. And so can a history of exploitative colonization, weak rule of law, war and social unrest, severe climate conditions or hostile, aggressive neighbors. Weaknesses compound: A country in debt will not be able to afford good schools, and a poorly educated workforce will limit capacity.

Underprivileged households worldwide suffered the severest social and economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. In the world’s poorest nations, where high levels of informal employment are also prevalent,  there were no social safety nets or temporary loans to keep businesses open and workers employed. The World Bank has forecasted that in low and middle-income countries, the current generation of students could lose up to 10% of their future average annual income.

Before Covid-19, the fraction of the world’s population living in extreme poverty—meaning on less than $1.90 a day—had fallen below 10% from more than 35% in 1990. The pandemic not only halted but reversed that progress: since the onset of the health emergency to the end of 2022, when in response to the rising cost of living the International Poverty Line (IPL) was also revised to $2.15, the World Bank estimated that an additional 198 million people were likely to have entered the ranks of the extremely poor. More recently, the institution has also stated that half of the world’s 75 most vulnerable countries are facing a widening income gap with the wealthiest economies for the first time in this century. Over the past two decades, it was widely believed that—as a result of lower-income nations generally improving their living standards faster than mature economies—the progressive economic convergence of richer and poorer countries would ultimately take place. Yet, one out of three in this particularly vulnerable group of 75 nations home to a quarter of humanity, 1.9 billion people, today is poorer than it was on the eve of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The numbers are striking: in the 10 richest countries in the world the average yearly per-capita purchasing power it is over $110,000, in the 10 poorest is less than $1,500. The worst part is that poverty is often likely to foster more poverty. In the latest edition of the World Economic Outlook report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) explains how impoverished nations could slide further into hardship: “The growth decline implies worsening prospects or living standards and global poverty reduction. An entrenched low-growth environment, coupled with high interest rates, would threaten debt sustainability and could fuel social tension and hinder the green transition. Furthermore, expectations of weaker growth may deter investment in capital and technologies and so, in part, become self-fulfilling.”

Top 10 Poorest Countries in the World

Below is a ranking of the ten poorest countries, starting from the country ranked tenth poorest and progressing to the country ranked as the top poorest in the world for 2024. For the complete ranking of the world’s countries from poorest to richest, click here.

10. Yemen 🇾🇪 

Current International Dollars: 1,996 | View Yemen’s GDP & Economic Data

This country of roughly 35 million, one of the most impoverished on the Arabian Peninsula, has been embroiled in conflict since late 2014 as a result of the power struggle between the Saudi-backed government and the rebel Houthi movement. The war has claimed the lives of more than 150,000 people, shattered the economy and destroyed critical infrastructure. As a result, today, in this oil-rich land over 80% of the population lives in poverty.

9. Madagascar🇲🇬

Current International Dollars: 1,979 | View Madagascar’s GDP & Economic Data

Since becoming independent from France in 1960, Madagascar has experienced bouts of political instability, violent coups and disputed elections. Elected in 2019, president Andry Rajoelina came to power promising to tackle corruption, reduce poverty, and develop the economy. Mostly, they turned out to be just that: promises. Madagascar still holds one of the highest poverty rates in the world at about 75%, growth is sluggish, and inflation stands at nearly 8%. Still, Rajoelina was re-elected  in December 2023.

To be fair, the country was also faced with an unprecedented series of challenges. Along with the economic and social consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, when in 2022 grain deliveries from Ukraine collapsed following the Russian invasion, food prices skyrocketed, deepening the suffering of the citizens of the island. In addition, Madagascar ranks among the top 10 countries globally most vulnerable to climate hazards, with drought, floods and cyclones resulting in deaths and population displacement, and damage to homes, infrastructures and crops.

8. Liberia🇱🇷

Current International Dollars: 1882 | View Liberia’s GDP & Economic Data

Africa’s oldest republic has ranked amongst the poorest countries in the world for many years. Expectations were high when the former football star George Weah became president in 2018. His years in office were instead marred by high inflation, unemployment and negative economic growth, until in 2023 he was defeated by opposition leader and former vice-president Joseph Boakai in a new round of elections. Boakai might have it easier than Weah: after contracting in 2020 and 2021, growth re-started in 2022. It is now projected to reach about 5.3% in 2024 and to stay above 6% in the years ahead.

7. Malawi🇲🇼

Current International Dollars: 1,712 | View Malawi’s GDP & Economic Data

One of Africa’s smallest nations, Malawi’s economy—largely dependent upon rain-fed crops—remains vulnerable to weather-related shocks. Food insecurity in rural parts is extremely high.

Malawi has enjoyed stable governments since it gained independence from Britain in 1964. However, in 2020, the constitutional court annulled former president Peter Mutharika’s win in the general elections citing vote tampering. Theologian and politician Lazarus Chakwera, who was sworn in his place, declared that he wanted to provide the kind of leadership that makes everybody prosper, but structural changes have been slow to materialize. Today, Malawi is grappling with an economic crisis that has led to fuel shortages, a surge in food prices, and a sharp devaluation of the currency. In 2023, according to the World Bank, over 70% of the population was estimated to be living below the international poverty line.

6. Niger🇳🇪

Current International Dollars:  1,675 | View Niger’s GDP & Economic Data

With 80% of its landlocked territory covered by the Sahara Desert and a rapidly growing population dependent upon small-scale agriculture, Niger is under threat from desertification. Food insecurity is high, as are disease and mortality rates. Recurrent clashes of the army with the Islamic State (ISIS) affiliate Boko Haram have displaced thousands.

In 2021, Niger inaugurated a new president—ex-teacher and former interior minister Mohamed Bazoum—in its first democratic transfer of power. With the economy expanding by 12% in 2022, things appeared to be looking up. Yet, in the summer of 2023, Bazoum was ousted and imprisoned by members of his presidential guard. The military junta has remained in power ever since.

5. Mozambique🇲🇿

Current International Dollars: 1,649 | View Mozambique’s GDP & Economic Data

Rich in resources and strategically located, this former Portuguese colony has often posted average GDP growth rates of more than 7% in the past decade. Yet it remains mired among the ten poorest countries in the world, with severe climate conditions and political instability being some of the main culprits. To make things worse, since 2017 attacks carried out by Islamic insurgent groups have plagued the gas-rich northern part of the country. Still, according to the IMF, the economy remains in high gear: it will expand by about 5% in 2024 and 2025, and it is projected to reach double-digit growth in the latter part of the decade.

4. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)🇨🇩

Current International Dollars: 1,552 | View DRC’s GDP & Economic Data

Since gaining independence from Belgium in 1960, the DRC has suffered decades of rapacious dictatorship, political instability and constant violence, making it a regular in our rankings of the world’s poorest countries. About 65% of the country’s roughly 100 million population gets by on less than $2.15 a day. Yet the World Bank says the DRC has the resources and potential to become one of the richest countries in Africa and a growth driver for the entire continent. The country is already the world’s largest producer of cobalt and Africa’s leading source of copper—essentials in the production of electric vehicles.

3. Central African Republic (CAR)🇨🇫

Current International Dollars:  1,123 | View CAR’s GDP & Economic Data

Rich in gold, oil, uranium and diamonds, the Central African Republic is a very wealthy country inhabited by very poor people, and has been among the poorest countries in the world for the better part of a decade. For the first time since its independence from France in 1960, in 2016 the Central African Republic has democratically elected a president: former mathematics professor and prime minister Faustin Archange Touadéra, who campaigned as a peacemaker who could bridge the divide between the Muslim minority and the Christian majority.

Yet, while his successful election has been seen as an important step towards national reconstruction, large swaths of the country remain controlled by anti-government and militia groups. Despite problems and setbacks, in recent years growth has moderately picked up, driven by the timber industry, the revival of the agricultural sector, and the partially resumed sale of diamonds.

2. Burundi🇧🇮

Current International Dollars: 916 | View Burundi’s GDP & Economic Data

Tiny landlocked Burundi lacks natural resources and has been scarred by a civil war lasting from 1993 to 2005, whose aftermath is still a contributing factor to its ranking of the second-poorest country in the world. With about 80% of Burundi’s roughly 13 million citizens relying on subsistence agriculture, food insecurity is almost twice as high as the average for sub-Saharan African countries. Furthermore, access to water and sanitation remains very low and less than 5% of the population has electricity. President Evariste Ndayishimiye has made an effort to relaunch the economy and repair diplomatic relationships, and in 2022 both the US and the European Union resumed aid after lifting financial sanctions. Unfortunately, while growth is picking up, inflation is projected this year to be around 22%.

1. South Sudan🇸🇸

Current International Dollars: 455 | View South Sudan’s GDP & Economic Data

The very poorest of the world’s poorest countries, South Sudan has been wracked by violence since its creation in 2011. Rich in oil reserves, the landlocked state of roughly 15 million represents a textbook example of the “resource curse,” whereby abundance fosters political and social divisions, inequality, corruption and warfare. The majority of the population is employed in traditional agriculture, although violence and extreme climate events often prevent farmers from planting or harvesting crops. This year, an estimated 9 million people, over 60% of South Sudan’s population, will be in need of humanitarian assistance.

World’s Poorest Countries 2024

RankCountry/TerritoryGDP-PPP per capita ($)
1South Sudan455
2Burundi916
3Central African Republic1,123
4Democratic Republic of the Congo1,552
5Mozambique1,649
6Niger1,675
7Malawi1,712
8Liberia1,882
9Madagascar1,979
10Yemen1,996
11Somalia2,062
12Sierra Leone2,189
13Chad2,620
14Solomon Islands2,713
15Mali2,714
16Burkina Faso2,781
17Togo2,911
18Vanuatu2,939
19Zimbabwe2,975
20The Gambia2,993
21Haiti3,108
22Lesotho3,227
23Guinea-Bissau3,239
24Uganda3,345
25Guinea3,366
26Rwanda3,367
27Sudan3,443
28Comoros3,532
29Papua New Guinea3,534
30Kiribati3,614
31Tanzania3,746
32Timor-Leste3,767
33Ethiopia4,020
34São Tomé and Príncipe4,238
35Zambia4,361
36Benin4,558
37Senegal4,661
38Micronesia4,691
39Republic of Congo4,740
40Cameroon4,842
41Nepal5,032
42Myanmar5,203
43Tajikistan5,832
44Tuvalu6,056
45Marshall Islands6,313
46Nigeria6,340
47Samoa6,721
48Kyrgyz Republic6,790
49Côte d’Ivoire6,860
50Pakistan6,955
51Kenya6,976
52Angola7,153
53Ghana7,156
54Tonga7,462
55Honduras7,503
56Mauritania7,680
57Djibouti7,707
58Nicaragua8,137
59Cambodia8,287
60Venezuela8,486
61Bangladesh9,416
62India10,123
63Lao P.D.R.10,242
64Cabo Verde10,304
65Bolivia10,693
66Nauru10,823
67Uzbekistan10,936
68Morocco10,947
69Guatemala11,006
70Belize11,320
71Iraq11,937
72Namibia12,008
73Philippines12,192
74Jordan12,402
75El Salvador12,561
76Eswatini12,637
77Jamaica13,543
78Tunisia13,645
79Ecuador14,485
80Dominica15,280
81Ukraine15,464
82Vietnam15,470
83Bhutan15,978
84Paraguay16,291
85South Africa16,424
86Algeria16,483
87Mongolia16,504
88Peru16,631
89Kosovo16,775
90Indonesia16,861
91Palau17,381
92Fiji17,403
93Egypt17,614
94Moldova17,902
95Equatorial Guinea18,378
96Suriname18,928
97St. Vincent and the Grenadines19,196
98Azerbaijan19,328
99Gabon19,452
100St. Lucia19,718
101Turkmenistan19,729
102Colombia19,770
104Botswana20,097
105Barbados20,592
105Bosnia and Herzegovina20,623
106Albania20,632
107Brazil20,809
108Islamic Republic of Iran21,220
109Armenia21,746
110Grenada21,799
111North Macedonia22,249
112Thailand23,401
113China25,015
114Georgia25,248
115Belarus25,685
116Mexico25,963
117Argentina26,390
118Libya26,456
119Dominican Republic27,120
120Antigua and Barbuda27,309
121Serbia27,985
122Costa Rica28,558
123Montenegro29,696
124Uruguay30,170
125Chile31,005
126Mauritius32,094
127Trinidad and Tobago32,685
128Kazakhstan34,534
129Bulgaria35,963
130Maldives37,433
131Russia38,292
132St. Kitts and Nevis38,870
133Malaysia39,030
134Oman39,859
135Greece41,188
136Latvia41,730
137Seychelles43,151
138Romania43,179
139Puerto Rico43,219
140Türkiye43,921
141Slovak Republic44,081
142Panama44,797
143Estonia45,122
144Hungary45,692
145Croatia45,702
146The Bahamas46,524
147Portugal47,070
148Poland49,060
149Czech Republic50,475
150Lithuania50,600
151Spain52,012
152Kuwait52,274
153Slovenia53,287
154New Zealand53,797
155Japan54,184
156Aruba54,716
157Israel55,533
158Italy56,905
159Cyprus58,733
160United Kingdom58,880
161Korea59,330
162France60,339
163Canada60,495
164Finland60,851
165Bahrain62,671
166Australia66,627
167Germany67,245
168Malta67,682
169Belgium68,079
170Andorra69,146
171Sweden69,177
172Austria69,460
173Saudi Arabia70,333
174Iceland73,784
175Netherlands74,158
176Hong Kong SAR75,128
177Taiwan76,858
178Brunei Darussalam77,534
179Denmark77,641
180Guyana80,137
181Norway82,832
182United States85,373
183San Marino86,989
184Switzerland91,932
185United Arab Emirates96,846
186Qatar112,283
187Singapore133,737
188Ireland133,895
189Macao SAR134,141
190Luxembourg143,743

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook April 2024. Values are expressed in current international dollars, reflecting the corresponding exchange rates and PPP adjustments.